VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide)

Cardiovascular Health · ['Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide', 'Aviptadil', 'VIP 1-28']

A 28-amino-acid neuropeptide of the secretin/glucagon superfamily that acts as a potent vasodilator and immunomodulator, studied for roles in vascular tone, bronchodilation, and anti-inflammatory signaling.

🔬 Research use only — not for human or veterinary use. K4 Elite does not provide dosing instructions.

Molecular Formula

C147H237N43O43S

Molecular Weight

3326.8 g/mol

Research Level

Well Researched

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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide belonging to the secretin/glucagon peptide superfamily. Originally isolated from intestinal tissue for its blood-vessel-dilating activity, it is now recognized as a widely distributed signaling molecule found in the nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems.

VIP is a potent vasodilator and smooth-muscle relaxant, and it also functions as a neurotransmitter and immunomodulator. Its pharmaceutical form, aviptadil, is a synthetic version of the same 28-residue sequence that has been evaluated in respiratory and vascular research.

This material is supplied as a research reagent for study of neuropeptide signaling and vascular and immune biology.

VIP signals principally through two G-protein-coupled receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, which couple to Gs and activate adenylate cyclase, raising intracellular cyclic AMP. In vascular and airway smooth muscle this cAMP elevation promotes relaxation, producing vasodilation and bronchodilation in experimental systems.

In immune cells, VPAC receptor signaling has been associated with downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators and a shift toward anti-inflammatory responses, which underlies much of the interest in VIP as an immunomodulatory peptide in research models.

Vascular tone regulation and vasodilation in cardiovascular models
Bronchodilation and pulmonary vascular research (including aviptadil studies)
Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory signaling via VPAC receptors
Circadian rhythm regulation through VIP signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Neuroprotection and neurodevelopmental signaling research

📋 How published studies were conducted — a research reference summarizing study designs from the literature. This is not usage, dosing, or administration guidance. K4 Elite does not provide dosing instructions; determining any research protocol is the sole responsibility of the qualified researcher.

These summarize published research for reporting purposes only and are not usage instructions.

The synthetic VIP analog aviptadil has been evaluated in clinical research for pulmonary conditions; studies have administered aviptadil and measured respiratory and hemodynamic outcomes in controlled settings (aviptadil respiratory trials).

Foundational pharmacology by Said and Mutt, who first isolated VIP, characterized its potent vasodilatory activity, and subsequent work by Delgado and colleagues detailed VIP's anti-inflammatory effects on immune cells in laboratory models.

Combinations examined in the research literature. Descriptive only — not a recommendation to combine compounds.

VPAC1 / VPAC2 receptorsSynergistic

VIP's primary Gs-coupled receptors; central to its vasodilatory and immunomodulatory research.

PACAPCompatible

A closely related peptide sharing VPAC receptors; frequently studied alongside VIP.

Nitric oxide (NO)Synergistic

Interacts with NO-mediated vasodilation pathways in cardiovascular research.

Pro-inflammatory cytokinesNeutral

Studied as downstream readouts of VIP's anti-inflammatory signaling in immune models.

References are being compiled for this entry.

What is VIP?

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide is a 28-amino-acid neuropeptide of the secretin/glucagon superfamily that acts as a potent vasodilator, neurotransmitter, and immunomodulator.

Does VIP have a verified PubChem CID?

A verified small-molecule PubChem compound record could not be confirmed for the 28-residue peptide during preparation, so no CID is listed; the reported formula C147H237N43O43S reflects the standard human VIP sequence.

How does VIP work?

It signals through the VPAC1 and VPAC2 G-protein-coupled receptors, raising intracellular cAMP to relax vascular and airway smooth muscle and to modulate immune responses in experimental systems.

What is being researched?

Studies cover vascular tone, bronchodilation and pulmonary research with the analog aviptadil, anti-inflammatory signaling, circadian regulation, and neuroprotection.

Is VIP intended for human or veterinary use?

No. This material is offered for laboratory research use only and is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease in humans or animals.

Disclaimer: This profile summarizes published preclinical and laboratory research for reference only. It is not medical advice and makes no claim of safety or efficacy in humans. Determining any research protocol is the sole responsibility of the qualified researcher. Products are sold strictly for in-vitro research and have not been evaluated by the FDA.